Wednesday, August 15, 2007

House No. 1 - Chek Jawa Visitor Centre

NF#1: The Chek Jawa Visitor Centre is also call House No. 1, which is its postal address in Pulau Ubin. This unique building was built in the 1930s for Langdon Williams, the then Chief Surveyor, as a holiday retreat. It is made of masonry and emulates the style of an English cottage, first found in tea planters’ residences during the British colonial era. The building was awarded conservation status on 1 December 2003, and restoration work of the building was completed in 2006.



NF#2: House No. 1 is also the home to rare 2 species of rare bats! The fireplace, which is among the last few working ones left in Singapore, is the home to a colony of rare Pouched Tomb bats. The nearby water tower was retained as another rare species of Malayan False Vampire bats currently resides in it.

NF#3: There used to be another smaller outbuilding. Although newer than the main house, it had to be pulled down as it was no longer structurally sound. Some of its wall facades have been salvaged and incorporated into the toilet block.

Tuesday, August 14, 2007

Slithery Snakes

Naked Facts (General information about snakes):
  • All snakes are carnivorous or you can say they only eat meat.
    • Some snakes have a venomous bite, which they use to kill their prey before eating it.
    • Other snakes kill their prey by constriction or called 'wrapping you up and then squeezing you to death'.
    • Still others swallow their prey whole and alive.
  • Snakes are covered in scales. Most snakes use specialized belly scales to travel, gripping surfaces.
  • They shed their skin periodically. The primary purpose of shedding is to grow; shedding also removes external parasites.
  • Venom VS poison: The term poisonous snake is mostly false - poison is inhaled or ingested whereas venom is injected. A venomous snake is a snake that uses modified saliva, venom, delivered through fangs in its mouth, to immobilize or kill its prey.
Too Much Information:
  • Unlike other reptiles, shedding for snakes is usually done in one piece, like pulling off a sock, with the snake rubbing its nose against something rough, like a rock, for instance, creating a rip in the skin around the nose and the mouth until the skin is completely removed.
  • It is a common misconception that snakes actually dislocate their lower jaw to consume large prey. Actually as snakes do not chew their food and have a very flexible lower jaw, the two halves of which are not rigidly attached, and numerous other joints in their skull, allowing them to open their mouths wide enough to swallow their prey whole, even if it is larger in diameter than the snake itself.

Fabulous four (Mangrove) snakes:

Common Characteristics:

  • All of them are aquatic.
  • Their eyes are positioned on the top of their heads so that they can remain with their body submerged in water and yet are able to see above the surface.
  • All of them have poisonous fangs on the back of their jaws, but their venom is not known to have any serious effects on humans.
  • All of them give birth to living young, and appear to be largely nocturnal in habits.

Dog-faced Water snake or Bockadam, Cerberus rynchops feeds largely on fish trapped in mud puddles during the low tide.

Yellow-lipped Water snake, Gerarda prevostiana, is less common. It specialises in feeding on newly-moulted crabs.

Cantor’s Water snake, Cantoria violacea, is a rarely seen and extremely long species with markings similar to that of the venomous sea snakes (family Elapidae, or Hydrophiidae). It feeds on snapping shrimps.

Crab-eating Water snake, Fordonia leucobalia, is believed to live mainly in mud-lobster mounds and feeds on hard-shelled crabs.

Monitor Lizards: Cleaner of the Mangroves



Naked Facts:
  • Monitor lizards are the “cleaners” of the mangrove habitat as they eat anything that they can swallow therefore helping to make sure there is no too much of any living things in the mangrove.
  • Their long list of 'diet' consists of (here goes): tiny insects, crabs, molluscs, snakes, eggs (of birds and crocodiles), fishes (including eels up to 1m long), rodents, small mouse deer, other monitor lizards and even human faeces. But they are particularly fond of dead bodies.
  • They have known to eat prey almost as big as themselves: a 1.2m long monitor lizard ate a snake 1.3m long.
  • Corny Joke: As long you try not to look ‘delicious’, they are not known to consume humans.
  • Message behind joke: Observe but not disturb them.
  • The Water Monitor's main hunting technique is to run after prey that it has spotted, rather than stalking and ambushing.
  • Like snakes, they have a forked tongue that they stick in and out regularly to "smell" their prey and other tasty titbits.
  • Water Monitor Lizards are highly mobile. They can swim, run faster than most of us can run and even climb trees.
  • Monitors can survive in habitats (such as the mangrove forests) that wouldn't be able to support other large carnivores as they are cold blooded (If you need to drag time, you might want to explain the difference between warm and cold blooded).
Did you know?
  • Komodo Dragons are a member of the monitor lizard family, Varanidae.
Too Much Information:
  • They have been seen swimming far out at sea and can remain underwater for up to half an hour.
  • They climb to search for food as well as to escape predators. The young usually stay in trees for safety. If cornered up a tree, they will jump into the safety of a stream or river.
  • As scavengers, Water Monitors keep the habitat neat and tidy, and also control populations of their prey. They in turn provide food for larger carnivores such as crocodiles and birds of prey. Small young Water Monitors are particularly vulnerable even to large birds such as herons.
More about the Monitor Lizard.

R(A) link (Watch how two monitor lizards mate):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDEnkGBSpyA

Vinegar Crabs aka Tree Climbing Crabs

Name the Creature Activity (Something you can try with kids if a Vinegar Crab is spotted on a tree):

Guide: "Hey, we have a crab on a tree here (point to crab)."

Guide: "Let's say we want to name this crab, what name would you give it?"

Kid A: "Tree crab?"

Guide: "But how did it get up there?"

Kid A: "Climb! Oh, Tree-climbing crab!"

Disclaimer: Might not work every time.

Naked Facts:
  • During low tides, you can find them on the forest/mangrove floor feeding on leaves.
  • During high tides, you can usually find them at a height high enough to clear the water level and they will remain motionless on tree-trunks, leaves or boardwalk legs.
  • This is probably a predator-avoidance behaviour, especially with the many predatory species of fish and crabs that hunt with the incoming tide. Out of the water, they remain motionless to avoid other predators like kingfishers, monitor lizards and otters.
  • At night time or dusk, they have been seen climbing up trees to heights of more than six meters to graze on algae as well as eating leaves.
  • Food fact (1): The Teochew are known to pickle this crab in black sauce with vinegar, and take it with porridge. That’s why they are also called vinegar crabs.
  • Food fact (2): The Thais like it salted, with the roe or simply fried whole.
  • National Education: There is a tree climbing crab named the Singapore vinegar crab (E. singaporense), it is a common species of the tree climbing crab (Episesarma) and has entirely red claws. It is commonly sighted in or near mud lobster mounds.
Too Much Information:
  • They are usually burrowing crabs, digging holes at the base of trees and mud lobster mounds.
  • They are considered pests of mangrove plantations for their habit of attacking propagules (seeds of the Lenggadai, a threaten species of mangrove).
  • Tree Climbing Crabs are known to scavenge meat like many other crabs.
Reference and more about Tree Climbing Crabs

Monday, July 30, 2007

Teaching Nature-Study

Extracts from "The Handbook of Nature Study" by Anna Botsforc Comstock. Written in 1911, the principles she lays out remain fresh and relevant nearly 100 years later!

What Nature-Study Is
Nature-Study is a study of nature; it consists of simple, truthful observations that may, like beads on a string, finally be threaded upon the understanding and thus held together as a logical and harmonious whole. The object of Nature-Study should be to cultivate in children the powers of accurate observation and to build up within them understanding.

What Nature-Study Should Do for the Child
Nature-Study cultivates the child's imagination, since there are so many wonderful and true stories that he might read with his own eyes. At the same time, Nature-Study cultivates in him a perception and a regard for what is true, and the power to express it.

Perhaps half the falsehood in the world is due to lack of power to detect the truth and to express it.

Nature-Study cultivates in the child the love of the beautiful; it brings to him early a perception of colour, form and music.

But, more than all, Nature-Study gives the child a sense of companionship with life out-of-doors and an abiding love of nature.

Let this latter be the teacher's criterion for judging his or her work. If Nature-Study as taught does not make the child love nature and the out-of-doors, then it should cease. However, if the love of nature is in the teacher's heart, there is no danger.

When and Why the Teacher Should Say "I Do Not Know"
No science professor in any university, if he be a man of high attainment, will hesitate to say "I do not know" if they ask for information beyond his knowledge. The greater his scientific reputation and erudition, the more readily, simply, and without apology, he says this.

It is only the teacher in the elementary schools who has never received enough scientific training to reveal to her how little she does know, who feels that she must appear to know everything or her pupils will lose confidence in her.

In Nature-Study, any teacher can with honour say, "I do not know".

But she should not let lack of knowledge be a wet blanket thrown over her pupil's interest. She should say frankly: "I do not know; let us see if we cannot together find out this mysterious thing. Maybe no one knows it as yet, and I wonder if YOU will discover it before I do".

The Use of Scientific Names
This matter is of little importance if the teacher bears in mind that the purpose of Nature-Study is to know the subject under observation and to learn the name incidentally.

If the teacher says, "I have a pink hepatica. Can anyone find me a blue one?" the children, who naturally like grown-up words, will soon be calling these flowers hepatica.

But if the teacher says, "These flowers are called hepaticas. Now please everyone remember the name. Write it in your books as I write it on the blackboard, and in half an hour I shall ask you again what it is," the pupils naturally look upon the exercise as a word lesson and its real significance is lost.

How To Use the Book
Make the lesson an investigation and make the pupils feel that they are investigators. To tell the story to begin with spoils this attitude and quenches interest.

And lots more in the book including
What Nature-Study Should Do for the Teacher
Nature-Study as a Help to Health
Nature-Study as a Help in School Discipline
The Relation of Nature-Study to Science
The Child Not Interested in Nature-Study
The Correlation of Nature-Study with Language Work
The Correlation of Nature-Study and Drawing
The Correlation of Nature-Study with Geography
The Correlation of Nature-Study with History
The Correlation of Nature-Study with Arithmetic

Sunday, July 29, 2007

Techniques for reawakening love for nature

Extracts from "The Lost Language of Plants" by Stephen Harrod Buhner (a great book that you should try to read if you can, I have a copy).

"Human beings, throughout most of their habitation of Earth, have been so completely interwoven into their environment that, until recently, there was no separation between them."

"Such deep interconnectedness to environment is so fundamental to us as a species that, ultimately, it is not possible to understand ourselves as human beings without understanding something of wild nature itself."

"Because experience of nature and other life-forms is so deeply interwoven into our emergence as a species, human beings possess a genetic predisposition for wild nature and other life-forms -- though it must, through specific experiences, be activated".

"Edward Wilson calls this innate feeling or caring for living forms and systems, for nature, biophilia."

"There are holes inside all of us. Emptiness that can only be filled by some of the other life on this Earth. Without filling them, we live a half-life, never becoming fully human, never being healed or whole or completely who we are. Never becoming completely sane."

"The loss of connection to the land, to Earth, leaves the holes with which we are naturally born unfilled. Merely human approaches can never heal them. Pathologies come from the empty hole that are unfilled, from lack of contact and communication with the wild."

"The holes within us possess particular shapes -- that of stone or tree or bear."

"Many people believe we should first establish this reconnection in the young. But I think that the best hope for restoring it is with the grown -- those in whom the impulse for biophilia has been stunted, those in whom the interior wound is deep, those in whom the need is the greatest."

"If simple information were enough to stimulate the experience, a book will do as well. But books do not and cannot do as well."

"Licensed teachers are embedded in a human-centric, we're-the-most-intelligent approach. They are likely to belittle the living reality found in nature."

"The teacher must embody the experience itself, so that the child can observe it in action and the teacher teaches."

Techniques for restroring biophilia

"The restoration of our capacity for biophilia begins with restoring, and supporting, our capacity for feeling."

"Restoring biophilia ... means 'coming to our senses', especially the sense of feeling -- of touch -- of being touched by the world."

"It has nothing to do with theory. Feelings come first, thinking second; thinking in service of feeling."

"This experience cannot be written down or found in books. It can only be developed ... by allowing ourselves to be touched by the livingness of the world, and exploring the meanings we encounter."

"This reconnects us to everything around us -- to everything that generates those feelings. It reweaves us into the fabric of life."

There are 9 exercises in the book, here is one of them.

Exercise 3

Go to a place in nature that you like. (Be sure and take a journal with you.) Choose a place you have been to before. Find the area that you like most and relax. Sit if you want to; get comfortable.

How does this place feel? Try to describe it in words. Be as specific as you can. Go on in your journal at length if you need to. Write down everything that comes to you no matter how silly it sounds. Even if you think it's crazy.

When you're done, allow your eye to rove, to be drawn to whatever one thing is most interesting to you. Look at it. Let your eye explore it, nothing everything about it. The colours, the shape, how it rests or grows in the ground. Its relation to the air around it, to the plants, water, soil, rocks around it.

What feelings do you have? Write them down.

Is there any part of what you are looking at that you like more? Less? Why? Can you tell? Do all parts of what you are looking at generate the same emotion? Different emotions? Write everything down in your journal.

Do this with at least two things that you see. Make sure that one of them is a plant. You can get up close if you want to, place your eye on a level plane, take an insect view. How is the plant shaped, how does it feel to your fingers, how does it smell? What emotions does it generate in you? Write everything down.

Now go to another natural place, different from the first. Sit down and relax. Get comfortable. How does this place feel? Write down everything that you notice. Go on at length.

Does this second place feel different from the first place you sat? How are the feelings different? Which place feels better -- the first or the second? Is there a name you can give the feeling you had at the first place? A name you can give the second? Names that will make clear the difference in feeling that you perceive? If you can't think of a word make something up.

When you are finished, as you did last time, find something your eye is drawn to and write down everything that you feel and perceive. Do this as well with two other things, at least one of them a plant.

Each place on Earth has unique feelings associated with it, as does each thing that grows or resides there. The number of shadings of their emotional nuances run into the thousands. Each can fit into a specific space within the different human beings that need them. There is a richness in feeling, a companionability that comes from perceiving, the complex interweaving of emotional textures that reside in the life that surrounds us.

Thursday, July 26, 2007

Half a beak is better than none?


The halfbeak is so named because its lower jaw is much longer, while its upper jaw is short and triangular. "Hemi" means half; while "rhamphos" means beak or bill in Greek. The jaws have several rows of small teeth and the tip of the long, spike-like lower jaw is often brightly coloured. The eyes are relatively large and scales are large too.

Halfbeaks are well adapted to living at the water surface. Usually darker on the top while the sides and underside are silvery. This camouflages it from above-water predators looking down on it, as well as underwater predators looking up at it. Its unfish-like body shape also means it is often dismissed as floating sticks. Some small ones are brown and twig-like.

Halfbeaks eat things that float on the surface such as algae, tiny animals like zooplankton and other fishes. Some halfbeak species eat land insects that might fall into the water, while others eat seagrasses and algae.